0终极编解码器指南

How data is stored in a multimedia file

Files on a computer (或在光盘上像 DVD 或蓝光) need to contain more than 1 数据类型. A typical movie will include at least 1 视频「流」和一个音频「流」. Most movies include multiple languages and subtitles, each of which requires an additional stream. Each of these streams is effectively a file in its own right, but they are all stored together within a “container” which also starts each of them at the right time (subtitles don’t start immediately at the start of a movie for example) and keeps them in sync as well as storing meta-data about each of them – i.e. what language they are, what framerate and resolution the video is, and what compression standards have been used.

视频流

Video streams contain only the video part of the movie. They are compressed using a particular system and there should be meta-data about their resolution, 帧率, if they are interlaced or progressive and details of the encoding system used.

音频流

Audio streams contain only the audio part of the movie. There are usually multiple audio streams included with the movie and each has its own stream. They can be compressed in a range of ways or in some cases they are uncompressed raw audio. 应该有关于他们的比特率的元数据, 决议案, language, number of channels and details of the encoding system used.

其他的流 (e.g. 隐藏式字幕)

Many movies contain other streams, most commonly closed captions (also known as subtitles). These come in several formats, but are typically just text with time stamps. They are so small relatively that no compression is used. There should be meta-data about their language.

All of the streams that comprise the movie are bundled together and kept in sync by a container. The container should contain (并提供) 关于每个流的所有元数据. The container also enables the collection of streams to be stored as a single file. The most common container formats are VOB (使用 DVD) 和M2TS (使用蓝光). Other common container formats on PC are TS, MPEG, AVI, MKV, WMV, WTV, 硬盘录像机-MS 和MP4. The obsolete HD-DVD 使用的格式EVO容器.

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